KPV

PepT1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV Uptake Reduces Intestinal Inflammation Gastroenterology Dalmasso et al. KPV transported via PepT1 transporter into intestinal epithelial and immune cells; inhibits NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis preclinical models.

Melanocortin-Derived Tripeptide KPV Has Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Murine Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Kannengiesser/Maaser et al. KPV modulated inflammatory infiltrates, myeloperoxidase activity, and body weight recovery in DSS and transfer colitis preclinical models; effects partially independent of MC1R signaling pathway.

Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis Molecular Therapy Xiao et al. HA-functionalized nanoparticles targeted KPV to colonic epithelial cells and macrophages; modulated TNF-α and mucosal tissue signaling markers in DSS colitis preclinical model.

Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles Targeted to the Colon with Polysaccharide Hydrogel Reduce Colitis in a Mouse Model Gastroenterology Laroui et al. KPV-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in polysaccharide hydrogel targeted delivery to colon; modulated inflammatory parameters in DSS-induced colitis preclinical model; effective at approximately 12,000-fold lower concentration versus free KPV in cell-based assays.