Epithalon

Epitalon Increases Telomere Length in Human Cell Lines Through Telomerase Upregulation or ALT Activity Biogerontology Epitalon induced dose-dependent telomere length extension in normal epithelial and fibroblast cell lines through hTERT mRNA upregulation and telomerase enzyme activation; cancer cell lines showed additional ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres) pathway activation. Studied strictly in cell-based in vitro models.

Overview of Epitalon — Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties International Journal of Molecular Sciences Comprehensive review detailing 25 years of epitalon research including telomerase activation mechanisms, methylated DNA binding, histone H1 interaction, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis During Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Epitalon increased neurogenic differentiation marker synthesis (Nestin, GAP43, beta-Tubulin III, Doublecortin) in human gingival mesenchymal stem cells and upregulated corresponding mRNA expression 1.6–1.8-fold. Molecular modelling indicated preferential binding to H1 histones at DNA-interacting sites, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism for peptide-mediated gene regulation.

Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis in Bronchial Epithelium Lung Khavinson et al. studied the tetrapeptide ADEL (Ala-Asp-Glu-Leu), a structurally related Khavinson bioregulator peptide, in human bronchial epithelial cell cultures across multiple passages. ADEL regulated Ki67, Mcl-1, p53, and NOS-3 protein levels, modulated bronchial differentiation gene expression (NKX2-1, SCGB1A1, FOXA1, FOXA2), and demonstrated direct DNA binding in the major groove (N7 guanine) in vitro — establishing a DNA-interaction mechanism for short peptide bioregulators of the same research lineage as Epitalon.